Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs | Medicinal Chemistry 2|Unit III|Lecture 1 Introduction, Types Of Arrhythmia

Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs | Medicinal Chemistry 2 | Unit III | Lecture 1 | Introduction, Types Of Arrhythmia

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Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs

These are those drugs which are used in the treatment of arrhythmia.

Arrhythmia

A cardiac arrhythmia is an abnormal rhythm of the heart. In an arrhythmia, abnormal electrical signals through the heart muscle may cause the heart to beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly.

Abnormal / Irregular heart beat

Normal range ( 60-100 BPM )

Bradycardia

When heart beat is below 60 BPM

Tachycardia

When heart beat is more than 100 BPM

Causes of arrhythmia

. Arrhythmias can be caused by:
. Coronary artery disease.
. High blood pressure.
. Changes in the heart muscle (cardiomyopathy)
. Valve disorders.
. Electrolyte imbalances in the blood, . . . such as sodium or potassium.
. Injury from a heart attack.
. The healing process after heart surgery.
. Other medical conditions.

Some important types of arrhythmia

1) Supraventricular arrhythmia
a) Atrial Flutter
b) Atrial Fibrillation

2) Ventricular Arrhythmia
a) Ventricular fibrillation
b) Long QT interval

1) Supraventricular arrhythmia

A faster than normal heart rate beginning above the heart's two lower chambers.
Supraventricular tachycardia is a rapid heartbeat that develops when the normal electrical impulses of the heart are disrupted.

A) Atrial Flutter

A condition in which the heart's upper chambers (atria) beat too quickly.
Rapid contractions of the upper chambers of the heart may spread to the lower chambers, resulting in a rapid heartbeat.

B) Atrial Fibrillation

An irregular, often rapid heart rate that commonly causes poor blood flow.
The heart's upper chambers (atria) beat out of coordination with the lower chambers (ventricles).


2) Ventricular Arrhythmia

Ventricular arrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms that make the lower chambers of your heart twitch instead of pump. This can limit or stop your heart from supplying blood to your body. While some of these arrhythmias are harmless and don't cause symptoms, some can have serious — or even deadly — effects on your body.

A) Ventricular Fibrillation

A life-threatening heart rhythm that results in a rapid, inadequate heartbeat.
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a rapid, life-threatening heart rhythm starting in the bottom chambers of the heart. It can be triggered by a heart attack.

B) Long QT interval

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a disorder of myocardial repolarization characterized by a prolonged QT interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG), leading to Torsade de pointes (TdP) and ventricular fibrillation. QT prolongation may be congenital or acquired.

Next Lecture Coming Soon On Classification Of Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs


Antiarrhythmic drug classes:
Class I - Sodium-channel blockers.
Class II - Beta-blockers.
Class III - Potassium-channel blockers.
Class IV - Calcium-channel blockers.
Miscellaneous - adenosine. - electrolyte supplement (magnesium and potassium salts) - digitalis compounds (cardiac glycosides)

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